Publication Ethics

We adhere to the guidelines set forth by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), including adherence to its Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing. Our journals strictly follow COPE’s procedures for addressing potential unethical behavior by authors, reviewers, or editors. All editorial staff are trained in handling ethical issues.

Ethical concerns raised by readers of the journal will be thoroughly investigated by the editorial office following COPE's recommended procedures. Disputes regarding the validity of research reported in published papers can be resolved by the Editorial Board. In cases of disputes related to authorship, data ownership, author misconduct, etc., we may seek guidance from external organizations such as a university ethics committee if necessary. Authors are expected to respond to any substantiated allegations made against them.